{"id":323,"date":"2015-01-23T10:26:58","date_gmt":"2015-01-23T10:26:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/adriangrigoras.com\/blog\/?p=323"},"modified":"2015-01-23T10:32:43","modified_gmt":"2015-01-23T10:32:43","slug":"architecture-principles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/adriangrigoras.com\/blog\/architecture-principles\/","title":{"rendered":"Architecture Principles"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Architecture\u00a0principles constitute a basic reference for every IT project and initiative and are used as drivers for architecture\u00a0governance. Each new project will be expected to explain how they will conform to the principles and justify any\u00a0exceptions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Business principles<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Innovation<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Innovate for competitive advantage\u00a0through differentiation and productivity\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale:\u00a0Helps realize competitive advantage and\u00a0drives improvements in efficiency and\u00a0productivity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Priority<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Prioritize satisfying business needs over\u00a0all other considerations\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale:\u00a0Architecture gives most benefit when\u00a0closely aligned with business strategy\u00a0and goals<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Agility<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Promote business agility and\u00a0adaptability\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale: Empowers the business to adapt to\u00a0changing business environment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Values<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Maximize the value of information assets\u00a0and optimize their return on investment\u00a0(ROI).\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale: Organizing and managing the key\u00a0information assets drives the business processes needed to\u00a0run the enterprise<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Information principles<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Accountability<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Ensure that all information assets have an\u00a0identified business owner who is accountable and track\u00a0and record all actions and events that\u00a0lead to access or changes in information.\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale:\u00a0Those with the most knowledge of the\u00a0data are best placed to make rational and\u00a0coherent decisions. It is imperative to\u00a0track all changes and access in order to\u00a0enforce non-repudiation of actions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Availability<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Deliver information where and when\u00a0needed, via multiple channels, to\u00a0maximize its value as an asset, while\u00a0ensuring that Confidentiality is\u00a0enforced.\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale:\u00a0Company\u00a0business should not be\u00a0limited or constrained by lack of\u00a0available information wherever and\u00a0whenever needed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Confidentiality<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Prevent unwanted access to information,\u00a0limiting Availability to those with\u00a0legitimate rights. Protect it in transit, at\u00a0rest and in storage\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale:\u00a0The comapny\u00a0must respect the law,\u00a0fulfill contractual obligations and protect\u00a0the value of its information assets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dependability<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Ensure consistency and predictability\u00a0using appropriate constraints and\u00a0controls.\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale: Consistency and predictability reduce\u00a0risks, lower costs and help increase the\u00a0value of information assets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Information Life Cycle<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Take full account of the time dimension of information based on the standard\u00a0Information Management Life Cycle\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale: Information must be actively managed\u00a0throughout its life cycle and securely and\u00a0efficiently disposed of at end of life<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Integrity<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Prevent or detect and repair unwanted\u00a0changes to information\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale:\u00a0Data quality is a major factor in\u00a0preserving and enhancing the business\u00a0value of information assets.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Application principles<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Coherence<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Ensure services are coherent and\u00a0comprehensible in their own right.\u00a0Restrict the scope of a service to a\u00a0distinct and well-defined function or\u00a0problem\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale:\u00a0Easy to understand services are easy to\u00a0combine, use and get value from.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hiding<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Hide the internal details of services from\u00a0consumers to avoid creating\u00a0dependencies on internal structures and\u00a0logic that may change. Handle errors and\u00a0exceptions where they occur to prevent\u00a0&#8216;cascading errors syndrome\u2019.\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale: Keeping the internal structures and logic\u00a0of services private from consumers of\u00a0the services frees them to use and\u00a0combined services in the way that best\u00a0suits the business<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Interoperability<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Maximize interoperability by using\u00a0common standards and mechanisms for\u00a0the exposure and use of services\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale:\u00a0Enables systems and services to\u00a0communicate and work together for\u00a0greater synergy and efficiency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Plug and Play<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Implement new services by assembling\u00a0available services, components and\u00a0resources in preference to writing new\u00a0code\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale:\u00a0Next generation application development\u00a0is based on assembling building block\u00a0components and services rather than\u00a0bespoke software development. This\u00a0increases speed of delivery, flexibility\u00a0and reliability<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>System Life Cycle<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Plan and manage application services\u00a0throughout their entire life-cycle,\u00a0including the \u2018end of life\u2019 phase.\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale:\u00a0Applications and services should be\u00a0actively managed throughout their life\u00a0cycle to extract maximum benefit for\u00a0lowest cost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reuse<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Maximize reuse by designing services that are useful to the largest possible\u00a0number of consumers\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale:\u00a0Reusing existing services and systems\u00a0reduces the work required to implement\u00a0new ones.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Technology principles<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Capacity Planning<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Use capacity planning to optimize the\u00a0sizing of infrastructure and ensure there\u00a0is enough headroom for planned growth.\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale: Oversized infrastructure wastes money\u00a0and increases energy consumption<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Green<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Reduce power consumption, heat and\u00a0carbon footprint where possible. Get\u00a0carbon accounts from suppliers and work\u00a0to reduce\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale: Reduces immediate and consequential\u00a0costs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Monitor<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Deploy automatic monitoring tools that\u00a0cover application and data services as\u00a0well as the underlying infrastructure\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale: Real-time monitoring allows immediate\u00a0action to resolve failures and incidents\u00a0with minimal cost and disruption to the\u00a0business.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Rationalize<\/strong> &#8211; Minimize redundancy and reduce\u00a0duplication\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale:\u00a0Helps reduce complexity and promotes\u00a0greater efficiency<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Simplify\u00a0<\/strong>&#8211;\u00a0Reduce complexity for greater flexibility\u00a0and lower cost\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale: Lowers costs through economies of scale\u00a0and reduces overhead of managing\u00a0complexity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Standardize<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Adopt and enforce standards to improve\u00a0operability and achieve economies of\u00a0scale\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale: Standardization helps achieve economies\u00a0of scale, reduces complexity and\u00a0improves flexibility<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tiering<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Adopt a tiered infrastructure for greater\u00a0security, resilience and efficiency\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale: Separation of concerns between\u00a0infrastructure tiers improves security and\u00a0allows greater efficiency and flexibility.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Virtualize<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Reduce dependency on hardware and\u00a0promote flexibility, agility and sharing of\u00a0resources through virtualization.\n<ul>\n<li>Rationale: Virtualization promotes flexibility,allows more efficient use of hardware\u00a0resources and reduces energy\u00a0consumption<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>IT Strategy Drivers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Some of the following statements can be included as strategy drivers:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Advancing<\/strong> &#8211; Deliver game-changing advances in technology support the company growth<\/li>\n<li><strong>Effective Information Stewardship<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Focus on capturing, storing and providing effective and secure access to a wide range<br \/>\nof information sets<\/li>\n<li><strong>IT Complexity Reduction<\/strong> &#8211; Reduce complexity across business, application and\u00a0technology layers<\/li>\n<li><strong>IT Functional Excellence<\/strong> &#8211; Strive for excellence in all IT capabilities including service management, staff skills\u00a0base, development and networking, effective IT procurement, diverse funding\u00a0sourcing, and selective introduction of internal charging<\/li>\n<li><strong>Operational\u00a0Excellence<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Improve how departments and functions operate across the company, including as\u00a0facilitators to Sustainable Excellence improvements. This driver focuses on underlying\u00a0step-change enhancements, carbon reduction initiatives and staff skills developments<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Goals<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Business Agility<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Maximise business agility including the ability to work from almost anywhere and\u00a0have information and functionality delivered where and when needed<\/li>\n<li><strong>Competitive Advantage<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Achieve competitive advantage through optimal application services implemented\u00a0using optimal technology investment.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maximum Business Value\u00a0of Information<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Seek to maximise the business value of the information<\/li>\n<li><strong>Maximum Return on IT\u00a0Investment<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Achieve the highest possible ROI on investment in information assets subject to\u00a0security and good information management constraints<\/li>\n<li><strong>Minimum Information\u00a0Risk<\/strong> \u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Minimum information risk consistent with achieving the company&#8217;s objectives<\/li>\n<li><strong>Operational Efficiency<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0High operational efficiency and productivity through optimal automation with services\u00a0perfectly suited to business\u00a0needs<\/li>\n<li><strong>Reduce Carbon Footprint<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Reduce the carbon account<\/li>\n<li><strong>User Engagement<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0Engage the users through interations and social\u00a0media<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Architecture\u00a0principles constitute a basic reference for every IT project and initiative and are used as drivers for architecture\u00a0governance. Each new project will be expected to explain how they will conform to the principles and justify any\u00a0exceptions. Business principles Innovation &#8211;\u00a0Innovate for competitive advantage\u00a0through differentiation and productivity Rationale:\u00a0Helps realize competitive advantage and\u00a0drives improvements in efficiency and\u00a0productivity\u2026 <span class=\"read-more\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adriangrigoras.com\/blog\/architecture-principles\/\">Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-323","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-architecture"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/adriangrigoras.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/adriangrigoras.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/adriangrigoras.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adriangrigoras.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adriangrigoras.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=323"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/adriangrigoras.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":328,"href":"https:\/\/adriangrigoras.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/323\/revisions\/328"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/adriangrigoras.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=323"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adriangrigoras.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=323"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/adriangrigoras.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=323"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}